DΓ©couvrez tout ce que Scribd a Γ offrir, dont les livres et les livres audio des principaux Γ©diteurs. General considerations on Schistosomiasis 2. Introduction and Background of the Kabinga Campaign on Schistosomiasis 3. Summary description and Outcome of the Kabinga campaign 5. Schistosomiasis or Bilharzias is a parasitic disease caused by trematode flatworms of the genus Schistosoma.
Larval forms of the parasites, which are released by freshwater snails, penetrate the skin of people in the water. In the body, the larvae develop into adult schistosomes, which live in the blood vessels. The females release eggs, some of which are passed out of the body in the urine or faeces.
Others are trapped in body tissues, causing an immune reaction. Species of Schistosoma that can infect humans are:. Schistosoma mansoni B Geographically, S. In urinary schistosomiasis, there is progressive damage to the bladder, ureters and kidneys. In intestinal schistosomiasis, there is progressive enlargement of the liver and spleen, intestinal damage, and hypertension of the abdominal blood vessels. The disease is chronic in nature; mild anaemia and malnutrition are common symptoms.
Other symptoms may include: Abdominal pain, Diarrhoea, Enlargement of liver and spleen. Inflammaton of the bladder with bloody urine hematuria leading to bladder cancer is possible in Schistosoma haematobium infection; Pulmonary hypertension in Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, and even Schistosoma haematobium. Microscopic identification of eggs in stool or urine is the most practical method for diagnosis. Among human parasitic diseases, schistosomiasis ranks second behind malaria in terms of socio-economic and public health importance in tropical and subtropical areas.
The disease is endemic in developing countries, infecting more than million people, half of whom live in Africa. They live in rural agricultural and peri-urban areas, and placing more than million people at risk. The World Health Organization has developed guidelines for community treatment of schistosomiasis based on the impact the disease has on children in endemic villages:.
